/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

#include "config.h"

#include "connection.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "move-fd.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "proc-map.h"

#include <guacamole/client.h>
#include <guacamole/error.h>
#include <guacamole/parser.h>
#include <guacamole/plugin.h>
#include <guacamole/protocol.h>
#include <guacamole/socket.h>
#include <guacamole/user.h>

#ifdef ENABLE_SSL
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <guacamole/socket-ssl.h>
#endif

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

/**
 * Behaves exactly as write(), but writes as much as possible, returning
 * successfully only if the entire buffer was written. If the write fails for
 * any reason, a negative value is returned.
 *
 * @param fd
 *     The file descriptor to write to.
 *
 * @param buffer
 *     The buffer containing the data to be written.
 *
 * @param length
 *     The number of bytes in the buffer to write.
 *
 * @return
 *     The number of bytes written, or -1 if an error occurs. As this function
 *     is guaranteed to write ALL bytes, this will always be the number of
 *     bytes specified by length unless an error occurs.
 */
static int __write_all(int fd, char* buffer, int length) {

    /* Repeatedly write() until all data is written */
    while (length > 0) {

        int written = write(fd, buffer, length);
        if (written < 0)
            return -1;

        length -= written;
        buffer += written;

    }

    return length;

}

/**
 * Continuously reads from a guac_socket, writing all data read to a file
 * descriptor. Any data already buffered from that guac_socket by a given
 * guac_parser is read first, prior to reading further data from the
 * guac_socket. The provided guac_parser will be freed once its buffers have
 * been emptied, but the guac_socket will not.
 *
 * This thread ultimately terminates when no further data can be read from the
 * guac_socket.
 *
 * @param data
 *     A pointer to a guacd_connection_io_thread_params structure containing
 *     the guac_socket to read from, the file descriptor to write the read data
 *     to, and the guac_parser associated with the guac_socket which may have
 *     unhandled data in its parsing buffers.
 *
 * @return
 *     Always NULL.
 */
static void* guacd_connection_write_thread(void* data) {

    guacd_connection_io_thread_params* params = (guacd_connection_io_thread_params*) data;
    char buffer[8192];

    int length;

    /* Read all buffered data from parser first */
    while ((length = guac_parser_shift(params->parser, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) > 0) {
        if (__write_all(params->fd, buffer, length) < 0)
            break;
    }

    /* Parser is no longer needed */
    guac_parser_free(params->parser);

    /* Transfer data from file descriptor to socket */
    while ((length = guac_socket_read(params->socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) > 0) {
        if (__write_all(params->fd, buffer, length) < 0)
            break;
    }

    return NULL;

}

void* guacd_connection_io_thread(void* data) {

    guacd_connection_io_thread_params* params = (guacd_connection_io_thread_params*) data;
    char buffer[8192];

    int length;

    pthread_t write_thread;
    pthread_create(&write_thread, NULL, guacd_connection_write_thread, params);

    /* Transfer data from file descriptor to socket */
    while ((length = read(params->fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) > 0) {
        if (guac_socket_write(params->socket, buffer, length))
            break;
        guac_socket_flush(params->socket);
    }

    /* Wait for write thread to die */
    pthread_join(write_thread, NULL);

    /* Clean up */
    guac_socket_free(params->socket);
    close(params->fd);
    free(params);

    return NULL;

}

/**
 * Adds the given socket as a new user to the given process, automatically
 * reading/writing from the socket via read/write threads. The given socket,
 * parser, and any associated resources will be freed unless the user is not
 * added successfully.
 *
 * If adding the user fails for any reason, non-zero is returned. Zero is
 * returned upon success.
 *
 * @param proc
 *     The existing process to add the user to.
 *
 * @param parser
 *     The parser associated with the given guac_socket (used to handle the
 *     user's connection handshake thus far).
 *
 * @param socket
 *     The socket associated with the user to be added to the existing
 *     process.
 *
 * @return
 *     Zero if the user was added successfully, non-zero if an error occurred.
 */
static int guacd_add_user(guacd_proc* proc, guac_parser* parser, guac_socket* socket) {

    int sockets[2];

    /* Set up socket pair */
    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockets) < 0) {
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to allocate file descriptors for I/O transfer: %s", strerror(errno));
        return 1;
    }

    int user_fd = sockets[0];
    int proc_fd = sockets[1];

    /* Send user file descriptor to process */
    if (!guacd_send_fd(proc->fd_socket, proc_fd)) {
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to add user.");
        return 1;
    }

    /* Close our end of the process file descriptor */
    close(proc_fd);

    guacd_connection_io_thread_params* params = malloc(sizeof(guacd_connection_io_thread_params));
    params->parser = parser;
    params->socket = socket;
    params->fd = user_fd;

    /* Start I/O thread */
    pthread_t io_thread;
    pthread_create(&io_thread,  NULL, guacd_connection_io_thread,  params);
    pthread_detach(io_thread);

    return 0;

}

/**
 * Routes the connection on the given socket according to the Guacamole
 * protocol, adding new users and creating new client processes as needed. If a
 * new process is created, this function blocks until that process terminates,
 * automatically deregistering the process at that point.
 *
 * The socket provided will be automatically freed when the connection
 * terminates unless routing fails, in which case non-zero is returned.
 *
 * @param map
 *     The map of existing client processes.
 *
 * @param socket
 *     The socket associated with the new connection that must be routed to
 *     a new or existing process within the given map.
 *
 * @return
 *     Zero if the connection was successfully routed, non-zero if routing has
 *     failed.
 */
static int guacd_route_connection(guacd_proc_map* map, guac_socket* socket) {

    guac_parser* parser = guac_parser_alloc();

    /* Reset guac_error */
    guac_error = GUAC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    guac_error_message = NULL;

    /* Get protocol from select instruction */
    if (guac_parser_expect(parser, socket, GUACD_USEC_TIMEOUT, "select")) {

        /* Log error */
        guacd_log_handshake_failure();
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_DEBUG,
                "Error reading \"select\"");

        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Validate args to select */
    if (parser->argc != 1) {

        /* Log error */
        guacd_log_handshake_failure();
        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Bad number of arguments to \"select\" (%i)",
                parser->argc);

        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    guacd_proc* proc;
    int new_process;

    const char* identifier = parser->argv[0];

    /* If connection ID, retrieve existing process */
    if (identifier[0] == GUAC_CLIENT_ID_PREFIX) {

        proc = guacd_proc_map_retrieve(map, identifier);
        new_process = 0;

        /* Warn and ward off client if requested connection does not exist */
        if (proc == NULL) {
            guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "Connection \"%s\" does not exist", identifier);
            guac_protocol_send_error(socket, "No such connection.",
                    GUAC_PROTOCOL_STATUS_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND);
        }

        else
            guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "Joining existing connection \"%s\"",
                    identifier);

    }

    /* Otherwise, create new client */
    else {

        guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "Creating new client for protocol \"%s\"",
                identifier);

        /* Create new process */
        proc = guacd_create_proc(identifier);
        new_process = 1;

    }

    /* Abort if no process exists for the requested connection */
    if (proc == NULL) {
        guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "Connection did not succeed");
        guac_parser_free(parser);
        return 1;
    }

    /* Add new user (in the case of a new process, this will be the owner */
    int add_user_failed = guacd_add_user(proc, parser, socket);

    /* If new process was created, manage that process */
    if (new_process) {

        /* The new process will only be active if the user was added */
        if (!add_user_failed) {

            /* Log connection ID */
            guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "Connection ID is \"%s\"",
                    proc->client->connection_id);

            /* Store process, allowing other users to join */
            guacd_proc_map_add(map, proc);

            /* Wait for child to finish */
            waitpid(proc->pid, NULL, 0);

            /* Remove client */
            if (guacd_proc_map_remove(map, proc->client->connection_id) == NULL)
                guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Internal failure removing "
                        "client \"%s\". Client record will never be freed.",
                        proc->client->connection_id);
            else
                guacd_log(GUAC_LOG_INFO, "Connection \"%s\" removed.",
                        proc->client->connection_id);

        }

        /* Parser must be manually freed if the process did not start */
        else
            guac_parser_free(parser);

        /* Force process to stop and clean up */
        guacd_proc_stop(proc);

        /* Free skeleton client */
        guac_client_free(proc->client);

        /* Clean up */
        close(proc->fd_socket);
        free(proc);

    }

    /* Routing succeeded only if the user was added to a process */
    return add_user_failed;

}

void* guacd_connection_thread(void* data) {

    guacd_connection_thread_params* params = (guacd_connection_thread_params*) data;

    guacd_proc_map* map = params->map;
    int connected_socket_fd = params->connected_socket_fd;

    guac_socket* socket;

#ifdef ENABLE_SSL

    SSL_CTX* ssl_context = params->ssl_context;

    /* If SSL chosen, use it */
    if (ssl_context != NULL) {
        socket = guac_socket_open_secure(ssl_context, connected_socket_fd);
        if (socket == NULL) {
            guacd_log_guac_error(GUAC_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to set up SSL/TLS");
            close(connected_socket_fd);
            free(params);
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    else
        socket = guac_socket_open(connected_socket_fd);

#else
    /* Open guac_socket */
    socket = guac_socket_open(connected_socket_fd);
#endif

    /* Route connection according to Guacamole, creating a new process if needed */
    if (guacd_route_connection(map, socket))
        guac_socket_free(socket);

    free(params);
    return NULL;

}